Gambling involves risking something of value, usually money, on an event with uncertain outcomes. While most people who gamble do so without any problems, a small percentage develop gambling disorders that cause significant distress or impairment. This article discusses the characteristics of these individuals, as well as factors that make them more likely to develop a problem. It also considers the role of the wider environment and society in shaping and influencing these behaviours.
Many people who gamble do so because they are seeking a feeling of excitement and the thrill of winning. These emotions are produced by the release of adrenalin and dopamine in the brain, which are chemically similar to the feelings caused by alcohol or drugs. This is why many people find it difficult to stop gambling even when they know they are causing harm.
While there is a wealth of research on individual behaviour and addiction, a smaller but growing body of work looks at gambling as a social practice. Using the principles of practice theory, this approach frames gambling not just as an aspect of someone’s personality, attitudes and beliefs but as part of a wider nexus of practices.
These practices may include work and family, socialising with friends and neighbours and other activities that have a direct impact on an individual’s health and wellbeing. In addition, these practices can be framed by wider socio-cultural, economic and regulatory structures that shape their meaning and value. For example, the rise of neoliberalism and globalisation has impacted how these practices are framed and experienced.
Those who are at risk of developing a gambling disorder can include anyone who has ever placed a bet, regardless of whether they have won or lost. However, some groups are particularly susceptible to gambling addiction. These include young people, who are often exposed to gambling through video and mobile games, many of which ask for micro-transactions and payments; older adults who spend excessive amounts of time online or in casinos; and men who gamble more than women. Those with poor mental or physical health, those with financial hardship and those with family or social relationships that are affected by gambling can also be at higher risk of developing a problem.
People who have a gambling problem can experience serious harm to their physical and emotional health, relationships, work or study performance, and finances. In extreme cases, the problem can lead to homelessness and suicide.
It is important to recognise when you or a loved one has a gambling problem and get help as soon as possible. There are a range of support services available, including individual therapy, group therapy, family therapy and marriage, career and credit counseling. Getting help early can prevent gambling from damaging your life and help you to build healthy, fulfilling relationships and a solid foundation for the future. To find the right service for you, visit the Royal College of Psychiatrists website. You can also read real life stories of people who have had a gambling problem, as well as practical tips to help you break the habit.